R22 is an HCFC widely used in air conditioning systems making it the most common HCFC in use today.
The chlorine in HCFC’s is ozone depleting and since 1st January 2010 it has been made illegal to produce or stock virgin R22. Only recycled R22 was available since then however, since 1st January 2015, all R22 is banned.
There are two main options regarding the ban on R22:
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Direct Replacement Drop-In Refrigerant
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Drop-In Refrigerants
Alternatives to R22 are available, such as R422D and R417A. As the name suggests, these products are dropped in as a replacement for the R22. There are however significant potential problems with using the drop-in refrigerants. For example, they have different pressure-temperature characteristics to R22, which can confuse the embedded system software, giving erroneous pressure/temperature readings. These products could potentially create unstable air conditioning systems, leading to deterioration of many parts within the system. This could lead to catastrophic system failure such as compressor burnout or seal failures.
Risks include:
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Suboptimal air conditioning system performance Poor frost/defrost
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Creation of dew condensation and dew spray
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Possible corrosion risks
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Possible leakages
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Possibility of compressor failure
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Recycled R22 can only be used in air conditioning systems for servicing and maintenance purposes, and from January 2015, R22 systems can no longer be re-filled with recycled R22.
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Direct Replacement
There are two options regarding R22 air conditioning system replacement, full or part replacement. Full replacement involves the replacement of all air conditioning equipment and component parts. Mitsubishi Electrics patented Replace Technology enables part replacement, where the air conditioning equipment is replaced but the existing pipe work and electrical system is retained. In both systems, the new inverter driven R410A air conditioning are used, offering energy savings of around 50% on R22 driven systems.
The decision on part or full replacement will involve a number of factors:
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How old is the air conditioning equipment?
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What is the operating state of the equipment?
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Is there a strong maintenance history on the air conditioning system?
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Is the pipe work in good condition?
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What is the payback period for the replacement system?
2003 was the last year in which high volume R22 sales were made and even then, this was less than 20% of the total market volume. Thus many R22 driven air conditioning systems will now be approaching, if they have already not exceeded, 10 years of age.
Several conditions arise when evaluating the payback period for the R22 system replacement:
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The energy efficiency of old equipment is far less then it was when it was originally installed, irrespective of maintenance.
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The new R410A driven air conditioning systems are inverter driven, giving reduced running costs and closer comfort levels.
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The R410A air conditioning systems are circa 50% more energy efficient than the old R22 based systems.
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Rapidly rising energy costs throw energy efficiency into sharp focus